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Affirm Holdings, Inc.

AFRMSEC EDGAR
ARF'a sor
DEF 14A, Genel Kurul Çağrısı
Dönem sonu 12 Mayıs 2025

Genel Kurul Çağrısı

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Filed by the Registrant ☒ Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐
Affirm Holdings, Inc. (Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply) ☒ No fee required. ☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials. ☐ Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
We are pleased to invite you to virtually attend a Special Meeting of Stockholders (including any adjournments, continuations, or postponements thereof, the "Special Meeting") of Affirm Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Affirm", the "Company"or"we"). The Special Meeting will be held exclusively online via live audio webcast at www.proxydocs.com/AFRM on June 25, 2025, at 8:00 a.m., Pacific Time. The virtual format of the Special Meeting allows us to preserve and even increase stockholder access, while also saving time and money for both us and our stockholders and minimizing our environmental impact. Even with a virtual format, you will still be able to vote and submit questions during the meeting, and we encourage you to attend online and participate. The Special Meeting will be held for the following purposes: 1. To approve the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada by conversion. 2. To approve one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Special Meeting to approve Proposal No. 1. 3. To conduct any other business properly brought before the Special Meeting. These proposals, as well as instructions for accessing the virtual Special Meeting, are more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement. The record date for the Special Meeting is April 28, 2025. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on that date are entitled to notice of, and may vote at, the Special Meeting. By Order of the Board of Directors
Katherine Adkins Chief Legal Officer & Secretary San Francisco, California May 12, 2025
Important notice regarding the availability of proxy materials for Affirm's 2025 Special Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 25, 2025: The notice and proxy statement are available at www.proxydocs.com/AFRM. WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE SPECIAL MEETING, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO VOTE AND SUBMIT YOUR PROXY THROUGH THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE OR REQUEST AND SUBMIT YOUR PROXY CARD AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, SO THAT YOUR SHARES MAY BE REPRESENTED AT THE MEETING.
PROPOSAL NO. 1: APPROVAL OF THE REINCORPORATION OF THE COMPANY TO THE STATE OF NEVADA BY CONVERSION 1 PROPOSAL NO. 2: APPROVAL OF ONE OR MORE ADJOURNMENTS OF THE SPECIAL MEETING, IF NECESSARY, TO SOLICIT ADDITIONAL PROXIES IF THERE ARE INSUFFICIENT VOTES AT THE TIME OF THE SPECIAL MEETING TO APPROVE PROPOSAL NO. 1 26 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT 27 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPECIAL MEETING 29 PROPOSALS OF STOCKHOLDERS FOR 2025 ANNUAL MEETING 33 APPENDIX A: REINCORPORATION RESOLUTIONS A-1 APPENDIX B: PLAN OF CONVERSION B-1 APPENDIX C: NEVADA ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF AFFIRM HOLDINGS, INC. C-1 APPENDIX D: NEVADA BYLAWS OF AFFIRM HOLDINGS, INC. D-1 APPENDIX E: DELAWARE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF AFFIRM HOLDINGS, INC. E-1 APPENDIX F: DELAWARE AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF AFFIRM HOLDINGS, INC. F-1
Headquarters | 650 California Street, San Francisco, California 94108 | (415) 960-1518 Investor Relations Website | investors.affirm.com
PROPOSAL NO. 1: APPROVAL OF THE REINCORPORATION OF THE COMPANY TO THE STATE OF NEVADA BY CONVERSION
Our Board has approved, and recommends that stockholders approve, a proposal to reincorporate, by conversion, the Company from a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Delaware Corporation") to a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Nevada (the "Nevada Corporation"), and adopt the resolutions of our Board approving the reincorporation (the "Nevada Reincorporation Resolution") included as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement, as more fully described in this Proposal No. 1. We call the proposed reincorporation of the Delaware Corporation in the form of a conversion into the Nevada Corporation the "Nevada Reincorporation." Principal Terms of the Nevada Reincorporation The Nevada Reincorporation, if approved by our stockholders, will be effected through a conversion pursuant to Section 266 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended ("DGCL"), and Sections 92A.195 and 92A.205 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, as amended ("NRS"), as set forth in the plan of conversion (the "Plan of Conversion"), included as Appendix B to this Proxy Statement. Approval of this Proposal No. 1 (the "Nevada Reincorporation Proposal") will constitute approval of the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution and Plan of Conversion. Through the adoption of the Plan of Conversion, upon the Nevada Reincorporation: • The Company will continue in existence as a Nevada corporation and will continue to operate our business under the current name, "Affirm Holdings, Inc." The corporate existence of Affirm Holdings, Inc. will not cease at any time. • The internal affairs of the Company will cease to be governed by Delaware law and will instead be subject to Nevada law. See "What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? - Certain Differences in Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Nevada Law" below. • The Company will cease to be governed by our existing amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the "Delaware Charter") and amended and restated bylaws (the "Delaware Bylaws") and will instead be subject to the provisions of the proposed Nevada articles of incorporation (the "Nevada Charter") and the proposed Nevada bylaws (the "Nevada Bylaws"), forms of which are included as Appendix C and Appendix D, respectively, to this Proxy Statement. See "What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? - Certain Differences Between the Delaware Charter and Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Bylaws" below. • The Nevada Reincorporation will not result in any change in headquarters, business, jobs, management, properties, location of any of our offices or facilities, number of employees, obligations, assets, liabilities or net worth (other than as a result of the transaction costs related to the Nevada Reincorporation). • Each outstanding share of Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Delaware Corporation (the "Delaware Corporation Class A Common Stock") will be automatically converted into one outstanding share of Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Nevada Corporation (the "Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock") pursuant to the Plan of Conversion. • Each outstanding share of Class B common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Delaware Corporation (the "Delaware Corporation Class B Common Stock"and together with the Delaware Corporation Class A Common Stock, the"Delaware Corporation Common Stock") will be automatically converted into one outstanding share of the Class B common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Nevada Corporation (the "Nevada Corporation Class B Common Stock"and together with the Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock, the"Nevada Corporation Common Stock") pursuant to the Plan of Conversion. • Each outstanding restricted stock unit, option, warrant or right to acquire shares of Delaware Corporation Class A Common Stock will continue in existence and automatically become a restricted stock unit, option, warrant or right to acquire an equal number of shares of Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock under the same terms and conditions. • Our Class A common stock will continue to be traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AFRM." We do not expect any interruption in the trading of our Class A common stock as a result of the Nevada Reincorporation. If our stockholders approve the Nevada Reincorporation, we anticipate that the Nevada Reincorporation will become 1
effective on July 1, 2025 (the "Effective Time"). In connection with the Nevada Reincorporation, the Company intends to make filings with the Secretary of State of Nevada and the Secretary of State of Delaware and does not anticipate making any other filings to effect the Nevada Reincorporation. Nonetheless, we may face legal challenges to the Nevada Reincorporation, including, among others, stockholder challenges under Delaware law, seeking to delay or prevent the Nevada Reincorporation. The Nevada Reincorporation may be delayed by our Board, or the Plan of Conversion may be terminated and abandoned by action of our Board, at any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the approval by our stockholders, if our Board determines for any reason that such delay or abandonment would be in the best interests of the Company and all of its stockholders, as the case may be. Background of the Proposal General As part of their ongoing oversight, direction and management of the Company's business, our Board and management have thoroughly discussed the issue of the Company's jurisdiction of incorporation. These discussions were motivated by a number of reasons, including a desire to ensure that the Company is best positioned to remain nimble and compete effectively, the Board and management's monitoring of the legal landscape in Delaware and elsewhere, and the costs and expenses associated with the Company's incorporation in Delaware. Affirm Holdings, Inc. is incorporated in Delaware. A large portion of U.S. corporations have historically chosen Delaware as their state of incorporation due to its reputation for having a well-defined, predictable and stable legal environment. Though Delaware corporate law may be less prescriptive in its statutory requirements for fiduciary duties than other states, because of the extensive experience of the Delaware courts and considerable body of judicial decisions since the early 1900s, Delaware has garnered the reputation of offering corporations and their counsel greater guidance and predictability on matters of corporate governance and transaction liability issues. Our Board's Evaluation of the Nevada Reincorporation On December 16, 2024, the Nominating and Governance Committee of our Board met at a regularly scheduled meeting to discuss a number of matters, including the Company's state of incorporation and the evolving legal landscape in Delaware. Following that discussion, it was the consensus of the committee members that a further discussion of the Company's state of incorporation should be conducted at a full Board meeting. At a special meeting of our Board on February 4, 2025, our Board, our Chief Legal Officer and representatives of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati PC ("Wilson Sonsini"), counsel to the Company, met to discuss the Company's state of incorporation. As part of this discussion, the Board discussed both remaining incorporated in Delaware as well as potentially reincorporating to one of a number of states, including Nevada, California, New York, Texas and Maryland, based on predominant market practice and other factors relevant to the Company's business. Following that discussion, it was the consensus of the Board members that our Board should further evaluate a potential reincorporation focusing on either remaining incorporated in Delaware or reincorporating to Nevada. Shortly after the special meeting, to assist our Board in evaluating a potential reincorporation, our Board elected to engage a corporate law and governance expert, Professor Steven Davidoff Solomon of the University of California, Berkeley School of Law. On March 12, 2025, our Board, our Chief Legal Officer, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Professor Solomon met to again consider and discuss the Company's potential reincorporation to Nevada. During that meeting, Professor Solomon met with the Board, discussed the potential reincorporation and related matters with the Board, and responded to Board member questions. On April 24, 2025, our Board, our Chief Legal Officer, representatives of Wilson Sonsini, and Professor Solomon met to again consider and discuss the Company's potential reincorporation to Nevada. During that meeting, Professor Solomon delivered to the Board a memorandum, discussed the memorandum and related matters with the Board, and responded to Board member questions. Professor Solomon's memorandum offered an academic review of incorporation and reincorporation, including principles of corporate governance, the value attributable to a company's situs of incorporation and legal and policy distinctions between Delaware and Nevada. Following that discussion, our Board approved the Nevada Reincorporation and adopted the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution, including the related documents. In reaching its decision, our Board evaluated a number of factors, including benefits to the Company and its stockholders in reincorporating, possible negative impacts from a potential reincorporation, meaningful differences in corporate law between Delaware and Nevada, the historical benefits of domiciling in Delaware, and implications for our 2
stockholders as to their economic, governance and litigation rights. Recommendation of the Board Following its meetings and discussions, our Board determined the Nevada Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. On April 24, 2025, our Board approved the Nevada Reincorporation, adopted the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution, directed that the Nevada Reincorporation be submitted for consideration by our stockholders at the Special Meeting and recommended that our stockholders approve the Nevada Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion, Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws) and adopt the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution. Pursuant to Section 266 of the DGCL, the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution is hereby submitted for adoption by the stockholders of the Company, with the recommendation of the Board that stockholders vote for the Nevada Reincorporation Resolution. Reasons for the Nevada Reincorporation Our Board believes that there are several reasons the Nevada Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. We have observed that the legal environment in Delaware has changed, with a greater frequency of litigation activity brought by well-funded firms who frequently have a significant financial interest in the outcome of the litigation. This has resulted in a less predictable and less stable landscape and body of case law in Delaware, particularly for companies, like ours, with an executive who is also a significant stockholder. Like many companies, we exist in a competitive environment and remain focused on positioning the Company to make business decisions in an agile and nimble manner. The ongoing threat of unmeritorious, but expensive and protracted, litigation over business decisions is inconsistent with that focus. That type of litigation also reallocates value and resources from the Company and its stockholders to litigation and those involved in litigation. We have considered the amendments to the DGCL that took effect on March 25, 2025 concerning transactions involving a conflict of interest on the part of directors, officers or controlling stockholders and stockholders' inspection rights. We have also considered the related Senate Concurrent Resolution requesting evaluation of the approach to plaintiffs' attorneys fee awards in Delaware, the outcome of which is not yet known. Delaware law could continue to evolve and adapt in a way that addresses some of the concerns we have identified, but the effect of these developments is not yet known and the amendments will be subject to judicial interpretation. By comparison, we believe that based on the law as it exists today Nevada can offer more predictability and certainty in decision-making because of its statutory regime. As we look to our historic growth and strategic decisions and plan for the years to come, removing judicial ambiguity can offer our Board and management clearer guideposts for action that will benefit the Company and our stockholders. Chapter 78 of the NRS is generally recognized as a comprehensive and thoughtfully maintained state corporate statute. Unlike in Delaware, where corporate law regarding fiduciary duties is significantly driven by the Delaware common law as developed by the courts based upon broad, enabling principles, Nevada codifies the fiduciary duties of directors and officers in the NRS. In turn, Nevada courts follow a more statute-based approach to director and officer duties that is less dependent on judicial interpretation. At this time we anticipate that the Nevada Reincorporation will provide the Company with additional flexibility and stability when the Board is considering certain corporate transactions. However, the Nevada Reincorporation is not being effected to prevent an ultimate sale of the Company, nor is it in response to any present attempt known to our Board to acquire control of the Company or obtain representation on our Board. In connection with the Nevada Reincorporation, the Nevada Corporation will opt out of certain Nevada statutes that may discourage unsolicited takeovers. Nevertheless, certain effects of the proposed Nevada Reincorporation may be considered to have anti-takeover implications by virtue of being subject to Nevada law. See "What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? - Certain Differences Between the Delaware Charter and Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Bylaws - Anti-Takeover Implications of the Nevada Reincorporation" below for additional information. Certain Risks Associated with the Nevada Reincorporation Although our Board believes that the Nevada Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, there can be no assurance that the Nevada Reincorporation will result in all or any of the benefits described in this Proxy Statement, including the benefits of or resulting from incorporation in Nevada or the application of Nevada law to the internal affairs of the Company. For the Company's comparison of stockholders' rights and the material substantive provisions that apply to the Board and executive officers under Delaware and Nevada law, see "What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? - Certain 3
Differences in Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Nevada Law" below. The Delaware Court of Chancery and Supreme Court are highly respected and experienced business courts. Delaware has an extensive body of case law. Trials are before judges who are experts in corporate law and appointed for 12-year terms. Delaware statutory law is regularly updated by the legislature, which meets every year. While Nevada also has encouraged incorporation in that state and has adopted comprehensive, modern and flexible statutes that it periodically updates and revises to meet changing business needs, Nevada case law concerning the effects of its statutes and regulations is more limited. As a result, we and our stockholders would not have the benefit of Delaware's breadth of precedent to anticipate the legality of certain corporate affairs and transactions and stockholders' rights to challenge them, particularly on matters as to which Nevada's statutes do not provide a clear answer and a Nevada court must make a determination as a matter of first impression. Certain Differences Between Delaware and Nevada Law Although our Board believes that the rights of stockholders under the DGCL and the NRS are substantially similar, the DGCL and Delaware case law collectively are different in certain respects than the NRS and existing Nevada case law in ways that may affect the rights of our stockholders. Please see the Company's summary of certain differences in the section titled "What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? - Certain Differences in Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Nevada Law." For instance, as further explained in the Company's summary below, under the NRS, a stockholder may inspect a Nevada corporation's articles of incorporation, bylaws and stock ledger, subject to certain limitations, if such stockholder holds at least 5% of the outstanding shares of stock of the Nevada corporation or has been a holder of shares for at least six months. In addition, the NRS provides that a stockholder may inspect the books of account and financial statements of a Nevada corporation if such stockholder holds at least 15% of the outstanding shares of stock of the Nevada corporation; however, these additional inspection rights are generally not available for stockholders of publicly traded companies. The DGCL, by comparison, does not require that a stockholder hold a certain number of shares or hold such shares for a stated period of time prior to exercising their books and records inspection rights. Thus, it is possible that some of our stockholders entitled to make a books and records demand today (as stockholders in a Delaware corporation) will not be able to make a similar demand following the Nevada Reincorporation. In addition, the NRS expressly permits directors and officers to consider all relevant facts, circumstances, contingencies or constituencies, including approving or taking an action that factors in the interest of stakeholders other than the corporation's stockholders, such as employees, suppliers and the community. Under Delaware law, by comparison, there is no express statutory authority to consider such interests, and fiduciary duties in most circumstances require directors to seek to maximize the value of the corporation for the long-term benefit of the stockholders unless the corporation is specifically incorporated as a public benefit corporation. As a result, as a Nevada corporation, it is possible that our directors and officers may consider the interests of other constituencies in a manner different from what Delaware law may require. An important area in which the law in Nevada differs in some respects from that of Delaware relates to anti-takeover protections. Both Delaware and Nevada permit a range of anti-takeover defenses, including poison pills. Both have prohibitions on business combinations with "interested stockholders" owning certain proportions of the outstanding shares, though they apply at different ownership thresholds and have differing moratorium periods: 15% of the voting power of the outstanding voting stock for three years in Delaware and 10% of the voting or investment power of the outstanding voting stock for up to four years in Nevada. Both allow for classified boards of directors, though there are different default standards for director removal: in Delaware, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, directors on a classified board may only be removed for cause and by the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, and in Nevada, there is no distinction between removals for cause and removals without cause (unless specified in the articles of incorporation), and a two-thirds vote is generally required to remove any director. Another potential area of difference involves cash-out merger transactions (i.e., when one company buys another company and pays the stockholders of the acquired company in cash) and directors' obligations: in such transactions and in general, the NRS allows directors to consider all relevant facts, circumstances, contingencies or constituencies, which may include the short-term and long-term interests of stockholders, but which may also include the interests of stakeholders other than stockholders. Delaware law, at least in certain circumstances, requires directors to accept the highest price reasonably available, although in many circumstances they are allowed, as directors of a Nevada corporation would be, to reject a potential transaction and consider the long-term interests of the corporation and its stockholders. Finally, there are various important common law doctrines under Delaware law that have not been adopted by Nevada courts or adopted in the Nevada statutes. 4
Transaction Costs and Litigation Risk We have incurred and will incur certain non-recurring costs in connection with the Nevada Reincorporation, including certain filing fees and legal and other transaction costs. As noted above, we may face legal challenges in connection with the Nevada Reincorporation, and we may also face additional media scrutiny. We believe a majority of these costs have already been incurred or will be incurred by the submission of the Nevada Reincorporation Proposal to stockholders regardless of whether the Nevada Reincorporation is ultimately completed, except for any litigation related expenses that may arise, which we cannot predict. Many of the expenses that will be incurred and other potential transaction costs are difficult to accurately estimate at the present time, and additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in connection with the Nevada Reincorporation. It is also possible that the Nevada Reincorporation, regardless of merit, results in additional litigation, with additional expense, distraction and time, or that it does not diminish the expenses, distraction and time the Company currently spends in litigious disputes. Further, if a court determines that any such litigation has merit, we may be required to pay substantial monetary damages or attorneys' fees. What Changes After Nevada Reincorporation? The Nevada Reincorporation will effect a change in the legal domicile of the Company and other changes, the most significant of which are described below. Following the Nevada Reincorporation, we will be governed by the NRS instead of the DGCL, and we will be governed by the Nevada Charter and the Nevada Bylaws. Approval of this Proposal No. 1 will constitute approval of the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws. The Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws will no longer be applicable following completion of the Nevada Reincorporation. Copies of the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws are included as Appendix E and Appendix F, respectively, to this Proxy Statement. Certain Differences Between the Delaware Charter and Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Bylaws The Nevada Charter and the Nevada Bylaws have been drafted with an intent to parallel the Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws to the extent legally possible. However, there are differences between what your rights are under Delaware law and what they will be under Nevada law. In addition, there are differences between the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws as they will be in effect after the Nevada Reincorporation, particularly with respect to changes (i) that are required by Nevada law or (ii) that are necessary in order to preserve the current rights of stockholders and powers of the board of directors following the Nevada Reincorporation. The following discussion is a summary of certain differences between the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws and the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws. This summary does not cover all the differences between the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws. This summary is subject to the complete text of the relevant provisions of the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws and the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws. We encourage you to read those documents carefully.
Provision Delaware Nevada Charter Regarding Limitation of Liability of Directors and Officers The Delaware Charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, a director of the Company shall not be liable to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. The DGCL precludes liability limitation for (a) any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (b) acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (c) the payment of unlawful dividends, stock repurchases or redemptions, or (d) any transaction in which the director received an improper personal benefit. The NRS, which the Nevada Charter follows, provides that directors and officers are not individually liable to the Company, its stockholders or creditors, unless the presumption of Nevada's codified "business judgment rule" has been rebutted and it is proven that such person has breached such person's fiduciary duties as a director or officer and such breach involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law. Note that Nevada law, which covers both directors and officers, does not categorically exempt breaches of the duty of loyalty from exculpation. Liability of directors for improper payment of dividends is subject to the same exculpatory standard applicable to other liabilities.
Provision Delaware Nevada Bylaws Regarding Forum Adjudication for Disputes Under the Delaware Bylaws, the Delaware Court of Chancery is the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty (including any fiduciary duty) owed by any current or former director, officer, stockholder, employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company's stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Delaware Charter or Delaware Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Delaware Court of Chancery, or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The Delaware Bylaws further provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Under the Nevada Bylaws, the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, in Clark County, Nevada shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, administrative or investigative (1) brought in the name or right of the Company or on its behalf, (2) asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, stockholder, employee or agent or fiduciary of the Company to the Company or the Company's stockholders, (3) for any internal action (as defined in NRS 78.046), including any action asserting a claim pursuant to any provision of the NRS or the Nevada Charter or Nevada Bylaws, (4) to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Nevada Charter or Nevada Bylaws or (5) asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The Nevada Bylaws further provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Bylaws Regarding Proxies
Under the DGCL and the Delaware Bylaws, no proxy authorized by a stockholder shall be valid after three years from the date of its execution unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The Nevada Bylaws provide that no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after six months from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period, which may not exceed seven years. Bylaws Regarding Officers The officers of the Company shall consist of a chief executive officer, a secretary, and a chief financial officer. The Company may have such other officers at the discretion of the board of directors. The officers of the Company shall consist of a chief executive officer, a secretary, and a chief financial officer and any other officers as may be required under the NRS. The Company may have such other officers at the discretion of the board of directors. Bylaws Regarding Notice of Stockholders' Meetings Under the Delaware Bylaws, a notice of a stockholders' meeting must state the date, time and place, if any, of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at the meeting, and in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Under the Nevada Bylaws, a notice of a stockholders' meeting must state the place, if any, date and time of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed present in person and vote at the meeting, and in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Charter Regarding Removal of Directors The Delaware Charter provides that, for so long as the Board is classified, any director may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares of outstanding capital stock. The Nevada Charter provides that any director may be removed only for cause. Under the NRS, a director may only be removed by the vote of stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of the voting power of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote.
Provision Delaware Nevada Bylaws Regarding Committees Under the DGCL and the Delaware Bylaws, a committee of the board of directors shall not have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, (ii) adopt, amend or repeal any bylaw of the Company, or (iii) take any action or assume any authority otherwise prohibited by applicable law (including the rules and regulations of any applicable stock exchange). The NRS does not contain a similar limitation on the authority of board committees. However, under the Nevada Bylaws, a committee of the board of directors shall not have the power or authority to take any action or assume any authority otherwise prohibited by applicable law (including the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation). Bylaws Regarding Acquisition of Controlling Interest Statutes The Delaware Bylaws do not contain a similar provision, and the DGCL does not contain provisions similar to the NRS relating to the acquisition of controlling interests. The Nevada Bylaws provide that the provisions of the NRS relating to acquisitions of controlling interests in the Company do not apply to any acquisition of shares of the Company's capital stock. Please see the Company's summary of the Nevada acquisition of controlling interest statutes in the section titled "Acquisition of Controlling Interests."
Anti-Takeover Implications of the Nevada Reincorporation The Nevada Reincorporation is not being effected to prevent a sale of the Company, nor is it in response to any present attempt known to our Board to acquire control of the Company or obtain representation on our Board. Nevertheless, certain effects of the Nevada Reincorporation may be considered to have anti-takeover implications by virtue of being subject to Nevada law. Delaware law and the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeover attempts. A hostile takeover attempt may have a positive or negative effect on the Company and its stockholders, depending on the circumstances surrounding a particular takeover attempt. Takeover attempts that have not been negotiated or approved by our Board can be opportunistically timed to take advantage of an artificially depressed stock price. Takeover attempts can also be coercively structured, can disrupt the business and management of a corporation and can generally present a risk of terms that may be less favorable than would be available in a board-approved transaction. In contrast, transactions approved by our Board may be carefully planned and undertaken at an opportune time in order to obtain maximum value for the corporation and all of its stockholders by determining and pursuing the best strategic alternative, obtaining negotiating leverage to achieve the best terms available and giving due consideration to matters such as tax planning, the management and business of the acquiring corporation and the most effective deployment of corporate assets. Our Board recognizes that hostile takeover attempts do not always have the unfavorable consequences or effects described above and may be beneficial to stockholders, providing them with considerable value for their shares. However, our Board believes that the potential disadvantages of unapproved takeover attempts are sufficiently great that prudent measures are needed to give our Board the time and flexibility to determine and pursue potentially superior strategic alternatives and take other appropriate action in an effort to maximize stockholder value. Accordingly, the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws include certain provisions that are intended to accomplish these objectives, but which may have the effect of discouraging or deterring hostile takeover attempts. Nevada law includes some additional features that may deter hostile takeover attempts. The Nevada Charter contains certain anti-takeover provisions similar to those set forth in the Delaware Charter; both the Delaware Charter and Nevada Charter allow our Board alone to fill any directorship vacancies and to set the size of the Board. Notwithstanding these similarities, there are certain differences between Nevada and Delaware law which could have a bearing on unapproved takeover attempts. For example, as discussed in greater detail below, the NRS regulates certain business combinations with "interested stockholders" more stringently than the DGCL does in certain respects. Additionally, when a Nevada corporation has a classified board, directors may be removed with or without cause (unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation), unlike in Delaware where cause is generally required for removal. Under Nevada law, the 7
default stockholder voting standard for the removal of directors is two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the outstanding voting power, while under Delaware law the default standard is a majority of the outstanding stockholder voting power. However, the Nevada Charter provides that directors may only be removed for cause. Nevada also has a statute regulating the acquisition of certain "control shares" that can inhibit certain takeover attempts, but the Company has elected to opt out of the application of those statutes in the Nevada Bylaws. Our Board may in the future propose other measures designed to address hostile takeovers apart from those discussed in this Proxy Statement, if warranted from time to time in the judgment of our Board. Certain Differences in Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Nevada Law The rights of our stockholders are currently governed by the DGCL, the Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws. Following completion of the Nevada Reincorporation, the rights of our stockholders will be governed by the NRS, the Nevada Charter and the Nevada Bylaws. The statutory corporate laws of Nevada, as governed by the NRS, are similar in many respects to those of Delaware, as governed by the DGCL. However, there are certain differences that may affect your rights as a stockholder, as well as the corporate governance of the Company. The following are brief summaries of material differences between the current rights of stockholders of the Company and the rights of stockholders of the Company following completion of the Nevada Reincorporation. The following discussion does not provide a complete description of the differences that may affect you. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the NRS and DGCL as well as the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws and the Nevada Charter and Nevada Bylaws. Increasing or Decreasing Authorized Capital Stock The NRS allows the board of directors of a corporation, unless restricted by the articles of incorporation, to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of a class or series of the corporation's capital stock and correspondingly effect a forward or reverse split of the outstanding shares of such class or series (and change the par value thereof) without a vote of the stockholders, so long as the action taken does not adversely change or alter any right or preference of the stockholders and does not include any provision or provisions pursuant to which only money will be paid or scrip issued to stockholders who collectively hold 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the affected class and series, and who would otherwise be entitled to receive fractions of shares in exchange for the cancellation of all of their outstanding shares. Delaware law has no similar provision. Classified Board of Directors The DGCL permits any Delaware corporation to classify its board of directors into as many as three classes with staggered terms of office. If this is done, the stockholders elect only one class each year, and each class would have a term of office of three years. The NRS also permits any Nevada corporation to classify its board of directors into any number of classes with staggered terms of office, so long as at least one-fourth of the total number of directors is elected annually. The Delaware Charter provides that our Board is classified into three classes. Similarly, the Nevada Charter provides for a classified Board that is classified into three classes. Cumulative Voting Cumulative voting for directors entitles each stockholder to cast a number of votes that is equal to the number of voting shares held by such stockholder multiplied by the number of directors to be elected and to cast all such votes for one nominee or distribute such votes among up to as many candidates as there are positions to be filled. Cumulative voting may enable a minority stockholder or group of stockholders to elect at least one representative to the board of directors where such stockholders would not be able to elect any directors without cumulative voting. Although the DGCL does not generally grant stockholders cumulative voting rights, a Delaware corporation may provide in its certificate of incorporation for cumulative voting in the election of directors. The NRS also does not generally grant stockholders cumulative voting rights but permits any Nevada corporation to provide in its articles of incorporation the right to cumulative voting in the election of directors as long as certain procedures are followed. The Delaware Charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. Similarly, the Nevada Charter does not provide for cumulative voting. Vacancies Under both the DGCL and the NRS, subject to the certificate or articles of incorporation and bylaws, vacancies on the board of directors, including those resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum. Any director so 8
appointed will hold office for the remainder of the term of the director no longer on the board. Removal of Directors Under the DGCL, the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors may vote to remove any director or the entire board with or without cause unless (i) the board is a classified board, in which case (unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides) directors may be removed only for cause, or (ii) the corporation has cumulative voting, in which case, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his or her removal would be sufficient to elect him or her. Under the Delaware Charter, our Board is classified and any director may be removed only for cause, with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares then entitled to vote for the election of directors. The NRS requires the vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the voting power of the shares or class or series of shares of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote at an election of directors in order to remove a director or all of the directors. The articles of incorporation may provide for a voting threshold higher than two-thirds of the voting power, but not lower. Furthermore, the NRS does not make a distinction between removals for cause and removals without cause (unless specified in the articles of incorporation). The provisions for the removal of directors under the Delaware Charter and Nevada Charter are described above. Fiduciary Duties and Business Judgment Nevada, like most jurisdictions, requires that directors and officers of Nevada corporations exercise their powers in good faith and with a view to the interests of the corporation but, unlike some other jurisdictions, including Delaware, fiduciary duties of directors and officers are codified. As a matter of statute, directors and officers, in making business decisions, are presumed to act in good faith, on an informed basis and with a view to the interests of the corporation. In performing such duties, directors and officers may exercise their business judgment in reliance on information, opinions, reports, financial statements and other financial data prepared or presented by corporate directors, officers or employees who are reasonably believed to be reliable and competent. Reliance may also be extended to legal counsel, public accountants, advisers, bankers or other persons reasonably believed to be competent, and to the work of a committee (on which the particular director or officer does not serve) if the committee was established and empowered by the corporation's board of directors, and if the committee's work was within its designated authority and was about matters on which the committee was reasonably believed to merit confidence. However, directors and officers may not rely on such information, opinions, reports, books of account or similar statements if they have knowledge concerning the matter in question that would make such reliance unwarranted. Under Delaware law, members of the board of directors or any committee designated by the board of directors are similarly entitled to rely in good faith upon the records of the corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports and statements presented to the corporation by corporate officers, employees, committees of the board of directors or other persons as to matters such member reasonably believes are within such other person's professional or expert competence, provided that such other person has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the corporation. Such appropriate reliance on records and other information protects directors from liability related to decisions made based on such records and other information. Nevada law extends the statutory protection for reliance on such persons to corporate officers unless otherwise waived. Flexibility for Decisions, Including Takeovers Nevada provides directors with more discretion than Delaware in making corporate decisions, including decisions made in takeover situations. Under Nevada law, director and officer actions taken in response to a change or potential change in control are generally granted the benefits of the protections of the business judgment rule. However, in the case of an action to resist a change or potential change in control that impedes the rights of stockholders to vote for or remove directors, directors will only be given the benefit of the protections of the business judgment rule if the directors have reasonable grounds to believe a threat to corporate policy and effectiveness exists and the action taken that impedes the exercise of the stockholders' rights is reasonable in relation to such threat; however, the NRS clarifies that this heightened standard does not apply to (i) actions that only affect the time of the exercise of stockholders' voting rights or (ii) the adoption or signing of stockholder rights plans commonly referred to as "poison pills". In exercising their powers, including in response to a change or potential change of control, directors and officers of Nevada corporations may consider all relevant facts, circumstances, contingencies or constituencies, which may include, without limitation, the effect of the decision on corporate constituencies in addition to the stockholders, including the corporation's employees, suppliers, creditors and customers, the economy of the state and nation, the interests of the community and society in general, and the long-term as well as short-term interests of the corporation and its stockholders, including the possibility that these interests may be best served by the continued independence of the 9
corporation. To underscore the discretion of directors and officers of Nevada corporations, the NRS specifically states that such directors and officers are not required to consider the effect of a proposed corporate action upon any constituent as a dominant factor. Further, a director may resist a change or potential change in control of the corporation if the board of directors determines that the change or potential change of control is opposed to or not in the best interest of the corporation upon consideration of any relevant facts, circumstances, contingencies or constituencies, including that there are reasonable grounds to believe that, within a reasonable time the corporation or any successor would be or become insolvent or subjected to bankruptcy proceedings. The DGCL does not provide a similar list of statutory factors that corporate directors and officers may consider in making decisions. Delaware law generally provides that the purpose of directors' and officers' fiduciary duties is to advance the best interests of the corporation and its stockholders, although in many circumstances, directors and officers can take into account a range of factors in advancing those interests. In a number of cases and in certain situations, however, Delaware law has been interpreted to provide that fiduciary duties require directors to accept an offer from the highest bidder regardless of the effect of such sale on the corporate constituencies other than the stockholders. Thus, the flexibility granted to directors of Nevada corporations when making business decisions, including in the context of a hostile takeover, are greater than those granted to directors of Delaware corporations. Limitation on Personal Liability of Directors and Officers The DGCL and the NRS each, by way of statutory provisions or permitted provisions in corporate charter documents, eliminate or limit the personal liability of directors and officers to the corporation or their stockholders for monetary damages for breach of a director's or officer's fiduciary duty, subject to the differences discussed below. The DGCL precludes liability limitation for directors and executive officers for breach of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct and for paying dividends or repurchasing stock out of other than lawfully available funds. Under the NRS, in order for a director or officer to be individually liable to the corporation or its stockholders or creditors for damages as a result of any act or failure to act, the presumption of the business judgment rule, as codified in NRS 78.138(3), must be rebutted and it must be proven that the director's or officer's act or failure to act constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties as a director or officer and that the breach of those duties involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law. Unlike the DGCL, however, the limitation on director and officer liability under the NRS does not treat as categorically excluded from its protections breaches of the duty of loyalty or transactions from which a director derives an improper personal benefit. Personal liability of directors for distributions made in violation of the NRS is limited by the same standard. Both the DGCL and the NRS permit limitation of liability for both directors and officers, though the NRS expressly also applies this limitation with respect to liabilities owed to creditors of the corporation. Furthermore, under the NRS, it is not necessary to adopt provisions in the articles of incorporation limiting personal liability of directors or officers as this limitation is provided by statute as a default. Under Delaware law, the exculpation of officers (namely, the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, chief operating officer, chief legal officer, controller, treasurer and chief accounting officer, as well as any other persons identified as "named executive officers" in a company's most recent SEC filings) is authorized only in connection with direct claims brought by stockholders, including class actions. Delaware law does not eliminate monetary liability of officers for breach of fiduciary duty arising out of claims brought by the corporation itself or for derivative claims brought by stockholders in the name of the corporation. As described above, the NRS provides broader protection from personal liability for directors and officers than the DGCL. Both the Delaware Charter and the Nevada Charter provide a limitation to director liability to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware and Nevada law, respectively. The Delaware Charter does not currently provide for exculpation of officers, whereas the Nevada Charter does, in accordance with Nevada law. Indemnification The DGCL and the NRS each permit corporations to indemnify directors, officers, employees and agents in similar circumstances, subject to the differences discussed below. In suits that are not brought by or in the right of the corporation, both jurisdictions permit a corporation to indemnify current and former directors, officers, employees and agents for attorneys' fees and other expenses, judgments and amounts paid in settlement that the person actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the action, suit or proceeding. The person seeking such statutory indemnity may recover as long as he or she acted in good faith and believed his or her actions were either in the best interests of or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. Under the NRS, the person seeking indemnity under the statutory mechanism may also be indemnified if he or she would not be liable for breach of his or her fiduciary duties under Nevada's statutory test. Similarly, with respect to a criminal proceeding, the person seeking indemnification must not have had any reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct 10
was unlawful. In derivative suits, a corporation in either jurisdiction may indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents for expenses that the person actually and reasonably incurred. A corporation may not indemnify a person pursuant to the statutory mechanism if the person was adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless a court otherwise orders. No corporation may indemnify a party under the relevant discretionary statutory mechanism unless the party has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of the action, suit or proceeding or the corporation decides that indemnification is proper. Under the DGCL, the corporation, through its stockholders, disinterested directors or independent legal counsel, will determine whether the conduct of the person seeking indemnity conformed with the statutory provisions governing indemnity. Under the indemnification mechanism available under the NRS, the corporation, through its stockholders, disinterested directors or independent counsel, must determine that the indemnification is proper. The indemnification pursuant to the statutory mechanisms available under the NRS, as described above, does not exclude any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the articles of incorporation or any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, but unless ordered by a court, indemnification may not be made to or on behalf of any director or officer finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of any appeals taken therefrom, to be liable for intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law, and such misconduct, fraud or violation was material to the cause of action. Both the Delaware Bylaws and the Nevada Bylaws provide for i
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